The major findings of my visit of 100 churches are:

1) On Saturday and Sunday events, a substantial number of Masses are still like pre-Vatican II silent priestly performances, often in front a nearly empty church; their exact number was not the purpose of this study.

2) The vast majority of American Sunday celebrations range from average to good post-Vatican II liturgies, with  a a choir and many liturgical ministers, which often translates into a rather passive participation of the assembly.

3) It may be shocking to read that no celebrations in my U. S. small sample was classified as community or assembly celebration, while in Guatemala there is about one in three. How can this be true?

- Many U.S. Sunday liturgies are good; they are just not outstanding. If I were to compare the 50 U.S. churches I visited with the few evangelical ones I know, I would come to the same conclusion: three Michelin stars for the former (because they are  good) and four or five stars for the latter (because they are better than good).  And there are more shocking news to come when I will compare the 100 priestly homilies with lay talks and evangelical sermons…  Many parishes are closing, and those that remain open are only supposedly only 52% full on average, while Protestant megachurches are booming. Do you still think that our good liturgies are good enough fifty years after  Vatican II?

- I observed most of the churches I visited from the center or the back. If you are a good parishioner, you are likely to be in the front where most people sing and participate. – The picture from the middle and back is quite different; it is not one of participation.

- It is true that since Vatican II the liturgy has become more of a dialogue, in which the congregation can participate by singing “Lord hear our prayer,”  and recite the Creed. Are you satisfied with that? Church attendance has declined more among Catholics than among Protestants  and even more among the young Catholics.  Many or most Catholics believe that Sunday church attendance is not mandatory, and even that all religions are equal paths of salvation. Is it surprising then that three times more Catholics join Protestant (mainly evangelical) churches than Catholics joining the Protestants? In an anti-establishment age, the permission from above to say Amen or Alleluia at appointed times is not very attractive; people may be looking for alternatives.

- I only write about the 50 churches I visited. I know that there are many dynamic parishes in the U.S.: some excel in the liturgy, others in social justice, others in racial integration, and others in service to the poor, etc. But it seems to me that these excellent parishes reflect individual charisms rather than an overall vision. The research of Emerging Models of Parish Leadership found that there is “little consistency and uniformity among these emerging models.” In short, there is no global emerging model or vision.

No so in Guatemala. The assembly and the community celebrations described above follow the general inspiration of the Fifth Assembly of Latin American bishops in Aparecida (1997), in two major dimensions: equality of all believers as missionary disciples, and the plurality of charisms and practices. The document of Aparecida is only the most recent expression of collective concientización which started with Medellin in 1968 and the liberation theology that came along with it. Since then, the Latin American bishops endeavored to set for themselves a ten-year plan of action. Bureaucratic ten-year plans are inefficient, however, if they are not the expression of the collective consciousness of the churches. Long before Aparecida, missionary discipleship was a major focus in some parishes. In Brazil the “holy popular missions” lasting two years or more became common practice in the 1990s and beyond; their purpose was to transform the whole parish into a missionary hive. Mexico and Central America followed the model of SINE (Sistema Integral de Evangelización): the creation of small Christian communities after a few months of instruction and a two or three day retreat. Aparecida is the expression of these missionary movements. The impetus continues: in January 2012 all Guatemalan bishops, about fifty priests and over 2,000 lay people participated in a four day seminar on the implementation of the Continental Mission in the parishes.

There is nothing equivalent in the U. S. The Catholic bishops have not produced any visionary document since Economic Justice for all in 1986. Since then, the bishops have been mainly concerned with maintenance: the bickering with politicians about abortion and the internal conflicts over the closing of schools and parishes, to say nothing of their draining effort to put behind the now ten year old and continuing crisis about sexual abuse and concealment. The U.S. Catholic Church was most vibrant after the effervescence of Vatican II. It ended with the nomination of more conservative bishops. As a consequence, the U.S. Catholic Church has been desperately fragmented into conservative and liberal factions. For many, the future is now only the continuation of the present. Pretty sad.

In short, the sociological significance of this research does lie in its percentages but its comparative analysis. Had I only presented Latin American findings, American readers might have found them irrelevant, as foreign or non-American – and they may do so anyway. In a comparative perspective, however, the data are as much revealing about the U.S. than about Guatemala. Will American Catholics learn from achievements abroad? Or will they remain self-satisfied by mainly looking inwards? I will explain the possibilities for the future in my next post.

Does your parish have a vision for the future? Do it have a pastoral plan for the next five to ten years. All businesses must have a strategy for the future; without it they can only decline.